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Good day, everybody!
In this page, I would like to
give you some important information related to translation methods. The thing
you should undertstand is that there are some methods of translation. Newmark
(1988b) stated the difference between translation methods and translation procedures.
He said that, "[w]hile translation methods relate to whole texts,
translation procedures are used for sentences and the smaller units of
language" (p.81). He divides the methods into the following :
1.
Word-for-word
translation
This is often
demonstrated as interlinear translation, with The TL immediately below the SL words.
The SL word-order is preserved and the words translated singly by their most
common meanings, out of context. Cultural words are translated literally. The main
use of word-for-word
translation is either
to understand the
mechanics of the source language or to construct a difficult
text as a pretranslation process.
Example:
SL :
look, little guy, you-all ahouldn’tbe doing that.
TL :
lihat, kecil anak, kamu semua harus tidak melakukan ini.
2. Literal translation
This method is
about the SL grammatical
constructions are converted
to their nearest
TL equivalents but
the lexical words are again
translated singly, out
of context. As a
pre-translation process, this indicates the problems to be solved.
Example:
a.
SL : look, little guy, you-all shouldn’t be
doing that.
TL : lihat, anak kecil, kamu seharusnya
tidak berbuat seperti itu.
b.
SL : it’s raining cats and dogs.
TL: hujan kucing dan anjing.
c.
SL : his hearth is in the right place.
TL: hatinya berada ditempat yang benar.
d.
SL : the sooner or the later the weather
will change.
TL: lebih cepat atau lebih lambat cuaca akan
berubah.
3.
Faithful
translation
This method attempts to
reproduce the precise contextual
meaning of the original within the
constraints of the TL grammatical
structures. It 'transfers'
cultural words and preserves
the degree of grammatical and
lexical 'abnormality' (deviation
from SL norms) in the translation. It
attempts to be completely faithful to the intentions and the text-realisation of
the SL writer.
Example:
a.
SL : Ben is too well aware that he is
naughty.
TL : Ben menyadari terlalu baik bahwa ia
nakal.
b.
SL : I have quite a few friends.
TL: saya mempunyai samasekali tidak banyak
teman.
4.
Semantic
translation
It differs from
'faithful translation' only
in as far
as it must take more account of
the aesthetic value
(that is, the
beautiful and natural
sounds of the
SL text, compromising on 'meaning' where appropriate so that no
assonance, word-play or repetition jars
in the finished
version. Further, it
may translate less
important cultural words
by culturally neutral third
or functional terms
but not by
cultural equivalents and it may
make other small concessions to
the readership.
Example:
SL : he is a book worm.
TL :
dia adalah seorang yang suka sekali membaca.
5.
Adaptation
This is the
'freest' form of translation. It is used mainly for plays (comediesl and
poetry; the themes, characters, plots are usually preserved, the SL culture
converted to theTL culture and the text
rewritten. The deplorable practice of having a play or poem literally
translated and then rewritten by an established dramatist or poet has
produced many poor adaptations, but other adaptations have rescued period plays.
Example:
SL :
hey Jude, don’t make it bsd
Take
a sad song and make it better
Remember
to let her into your heart
Then
you can start to make is better
TL :
kasih, dimanakah
Mengapa
kau tinggalkan aku
Ingatlah-ingatlah
kau padaku
Janji
setiamu takan ku lupa
6.
Free
translation
It reproduces
the matter without the manner, or the content without the form of the original.
Usually it is a paraphrase much longer than the original, a so-called
'intralingual translation’, often prolix and pretentious, and not translation
at all.
Example:
a.
SL : the flowers in the garden.
TL: bunga-bunga yang tumbuh dikebun
b.
SL: how they live on what he makes?
TL: bagaimana mereka dapat hidup dengan
penghasilannya?
7.
Idiomatic
translation
It reproduces the
'message' of the
original but tends
to distort nuances of meaning by
preferring colloquialisms and idioms where these do not exist in the original.
Example:
a.
SL : Salina! Excusme, Salina!
TL : Salina! Permisi, Salina!
b.
SL : I can relate to that.
TL : aku mengerti maksudnya.
8.
Communicative
translation
It attempts to
render the exact
contextual meaning of the
original in such
a wav that
both content and
language are readily
acceptable and comprehensible to
the readership. Communicative translation is likely to be smother, simpler,
clearer, more direct, more conventional, conforming to a particular register of
language and tending to under translate. Basically, communicative translation
emphasize the sift of massages.
Example:
a.
SL: Beware of dog!
TL: Awas anjing galak!
b.
SL: I would admit that I am wrong.
TL: Saya mau mengakui bahwa saya salah.
Well, everybody, I hope that the
information about translation methods and its examples can improve our ability
to translate from SL into the TL. Thank you for reading and see you with some
other information. 😊
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